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中文简体In the complex process system of non-woven fabric production, the fiber opening machine plays a vital role, and its opening function is the key starting link of the entire production process. From the perspective of physical principles, the opening function mainly relies on mechanical force, through the coordinated operation of core components such as combing needles and beaters, to achieve effective dispersion of tightly agglomerated fiber bundles, laying a good foundation for subsequent processes.
As an extremely important component in the fiber opener, the working principle of the combing needle is based on ingenious mechanical design. The combing needles are usually slender and arranged on the drum or board surface according to a specific pattern. When the fiber raw material enters the opener and contacts the combing needles, the combing needles can easily insert into the fiber bundle with their sharp heads. Because the combing needles are closely arranged and have a certain elasticity, during the rotation of the drum or board surface, relative displacement occurs between adjacent combing needles. This displacement is like combing hair, which carefully combs the fiber bundles. The originally tight cohesion and friction between the fibers are gradually weakened under the combing action of the combing needles. For some soft and easily entangled fibers, such as natural cotton fibers, the combing needles can gently and effectively separate them from the entangled state, gradually decomposing larger fiber bundles into smaller fiber bundles or even single fibers. The combing process is not a simple pulling, but the relative movement and elastic deformation between the combing needles are used to destroy the connection between the fibers in a relatively gentle way, minimize the damage to the fibers themselves, and ensure that the length and physical properties of the fibers are retained.
The beater component plays a loosening role in a completely different way. The beater usually consists of a high-speed rotating shaft and blades or hammers mounted on the shaft. When the fiber raw material enters the range of the beater, the high-speed rotating beater hits the fiber bundle strongly at an extremely high linear speed. This striking force can instantly destroy the strong cohesion and friction between the fibers. For some materials with a tough texture and tight fiber bonding, such as fiber bundles made of chemical synthetic fibers, the striking effect of the beater is particularly critical. The high-speed rotating beater blades or hammers are like heavy hammers, violently hitting the fiber bundles and breaking them up. During the beating process, the fiber bundle is not only subjected to vertical impact force, but also to tangential force generated by the rotation of the beater. The combined effect of these two forces causes the fiber bundle to be quickly dispersed in a short time. However, due to the strong striking force of the beater, in order to avoid excessive damage to the fiber, the beater's rotation speed, striking frequency and contact time with the fiber raw material are precisely controlled during the design of the opener. Through reasonable parameter settings, the fiber quality is not seriously affected while achieving efficient opening.
In the actual production process, different types of fiber raw materials have their own unique physical properties, which poses diverse challenges to the opening function of the fiber opener. For example, wool fibers in natural fibers are easy to entangle with each other and have strong cohesion due to the scale structure on their surface; while polyester fibers in chemical fibers are relatively hard and the fiber bundles are tightly bound inside. The fiber opener adapts to the opening needs of different fiber raw materials by flexibly adjusting the working parameters of the combing needles and beaters and the coordinated cooperation between the two. For wool fibers, the beating force of the beater may be appropriately reduced, the combing time and frequency of the combing needle may be increased, and the entanglement between the fibers may be gently untangled; for polyester fibers, the speed of the beater may be appropriately increased to enhance the beating force, and the combing needle may be used to further refine the opening effect to ensure that the fiber bundles are fully decomposed into single or small fiber bundles.
After being opened by the fiber opener, the fiber raw materials that were originally in block or bundle form have undergone a significant physical transformation. These fibers that have been decomposed into single or small fiber bundles have created extremely favorable conditions for subsequent combing, web forming and other processes. In the combing process, loose fibers are more easily combed into a uniform fiber web by the combing equipment, which is conducive to improving the quality and uniformity of the fiber web; in the web forming process, fibers in the state of single or small fiber bundles can be arranged and combined more smoothly to form non-woven products with stable structure and performance. It can be said that whether the opening function of the fiber opener is efficient and accurate is directly related to the smooth progress of the entire non-woven production process and the quality of the final product. Through the coordinated operation of combing needles, beaters and other components based on physical principles, it achieves effective loosening of fiber raw materials and plays an irreplaceable and important role in the field of non-woven fabric production.
